The Dengue virus (DEN) is of the genus Flavivirus and possesses a positive-strand RNA genome of approximately 10.6 kb that contains a single open-reading frame encoding for a polyprotein， which can be further cleaved by cellular and viral proteases into three structural proteins (capsid protein C, membrane protein M, envelope protein E), and seven non-structural proteins (NS 1, NS2a, NS2b, NS3, NS4a, NS4b, NS5). There are four serotypes (DEN 1-4), though there is certainly genotypic variability in individual viral genomes within each serotype. This variability is thought to have minimal clinical significance , as human infection from any of the four serotypes results in long-term immunity to that serotype . However, cross-immunity between serotypes is of much shorter duration , meaning that many people are victims of sequential infection by different serotypes. This is clinically very important, as sequential infection appears to be a risk factor for more serious disease manifestations.

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Dengue Virus Protein Schematic Diagram (Non-Structural Proteins (Orange)

Dengue infections are caused by four closely related viruses named DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4. These four viruses are called
serotypes. All four dengue serotypes circulate together in tropical and subtropical regions around the world.